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OpenAI model°

GPT-4.1 Nano

GPT-4.1 Nano is the smallest and fastest model in OpenAI's GPT-4.1 series, built for tasks where latency and cost matter more than depth of reasoning. It accepts text, images and files, and carries the same million-token-class context as the larger GPT-4.1 models.

OpenAIVerified 24/09/2026Released 14/04/2025

01 / decision

Decision snapshot

Each figure sits next to the middle of the field, so it can be read as dear or cheap, wide or narrow, rather than floating on its own. Compared against the 126 models we track, not against an absolute standard.

Capability

Not measured

No published benchmark scores yet

Input / 1M tokens

$0.10

field median $0.30

Output / 1M tokens

$0.40

field median $1.25

Context

1,048K

field median 524K

02 / overview

What GPT-4.1 Nano is, and when to reach for it

Four questions, answered separately, because somebody arrives at one of them rather than at the top of the page.

What it is

The job it was built for, and the job it is not for.

GPT-4.1 Nano is a small, low-latency general model from OpenAI, positioned as the cheapest entry in the GPT-4.1 line. It is built for high-volume work that has to return quickly: classification, extraction, routing, tagging, first-pass summarisation over long documents. It is not the model to reach for when a task needs sustained reasoning or careful long-form writing, which is what its larger siblings are for.

When it arrived, and when to use it

Where it sits in its line, and when a sibling is the better pick.

GPT-4.1 Nano was first seen in April 2025, arriving alongside the rest of the GPT-4.1 family as its speed-and-cost tier. It is the right pick when you are running the same prompt thousands of times a day and the per-call bill is the constraint, or when a user is waiting on the response. It is the wrong pick for anything where an error is expensive to catch later, where a mid-tier or frontier model earns its higher cost.

How you reach it

The API, the apps it powers, and what its limits let you do.

GPT-4.1 Nano is reached through the OpenAI API and is generally used as a component inside someone else's product rather than something a person talks to directly. The very large context window means you can pass whole documents, transcripts or file attachments in one call and have the model pull structure out of them, and the image and file inputs let it handle scanned pages and uploads rather than clean text alone. Output length is capped well below the input capacity, which suits the extract-and-summarise shape of work it is meant for.

Why it matters

What changes because this exists, or why it does not.

A very cheap model with a very long context changes which tasks are worth automating at all. Work that was previously done with brittle rules or keyword matching, because running a language model over every record was too slow or too expensive, becomes straightforward to run at volume. Nothing here is a capability leap, the point is that the economics let you apply it everywhere rather than selectively.

Follows GPT-4.1 Mini. Superseded by GPT-5. See the whole line.

03 / evidence

How much of this is verified

Split by category, so a strong number never hides a thin evidence base. Verified means we read it on the benchmark's own published results; a provider's claim about its own model is shown and labelled rather than dropped.

No published benchmark scores for this model yet.

We publish a score only where we can link the result to where it was published. Until a benchmark result for this model exists in a source we read, this section stays empty rather than being filled with a provider's marketing figure.

How we decide what counts as evidence

04 / ledger

Benchmark ledger

Every published row, grouped by category, each compared with the best published score on the same benchmark. 'Is 64% good' is a question nobody can answer; '26 points behind the leader' is one anybody can.

Nothing in the ledger yet.

Each row here carries a score, the benchmark it came from, what the leading model scored on the same test, and a link to the published result. Rows appear as results are published and read.

How we decide what counts as evidence

05 / capability

Capability shape

Where this model is strong, and against how many peers. Ranks are against models with evidence in that category, not against everything we track: ranking against models nobody tested would rank who published, not who is better.

No category scores to shape yet.

A category score is the weighted mean of the benchmarks published for it. With no published rows there is nothing to average, and an empty chart drawn at zero would say something false.

How we decide what counts as evidence

06 / cost

What it costs

List API rates as last read from the provider, with the source on every row, plus every change we have recorded since we started tracking it.

GPT-4.1 Nano API pricingSurge45°
ChargePriceUnitRead onSource
Input$0.10per 1M tokens2026-09-24Check
Output$0.40per 1M tokens2026-09-24Check

GPT-4.1 Nano is the cheapest model in the GPT-4.1 family and sits at the low end of the wider market, with output charged at a small multiple of input. At this level, cost stops being the thing that decides your architecture, and the real question becomes whether the smallest model is accurate enough for the job.

What a month costsSurge45°
WorkloadInput / monthOutput / monthCost
A small product team20M tokens5M tokens$4.00
A busy support assistant200M tokens40M tokens$36.00
A document pipeline1000M tokens100M tokens$140.00

List API rates, no caching and no batch discount, which both providers offer and which change the answer a great deal. Treat these as the ceiling, not the bill.

07 / specs

Specifications

As listed by the provider's own catalogue and re-read every few hours. Anything absent is absent there too.

SpecificationSurge45°
Context window1,047,576 tokens
Maximum output32,768 tokens
Modalitiesimage, text, file
Released14/04/2025
StatusCurrent
Catalogue identifieropenai/gpt-4.1-nano

08 / lineage

Lineage

What this model replaced, what replaced it, and what else its provider has in the field.

Also from OpenAI

09 / line

The line

Every model in this family in release order, so a page from eight months ago says in one glance that two newer ones exist.

Came before

GPT-4.1 Mini

Came after

GPT-5
  1. 01GPT-4.114/04/2025
  2. 02GPT-4.1 Mini14/04/2025
  3. 03GPT-4.1 Nano14/04/2025
  4. 04GPT-507/08/2025
  5. 05GPT-5 Mini07/08/2025
  6. 06GPT-5 Nano07/08/2025
  7. 07GPT-5 Pro06/10/2025
  8. 08GPT-5.113/11/2025
  9. 09GPT-5.1-Codex13/11/2025
  10. 10GPT-5.1-Codex-Max04/12/2025
  11. 11GPT-5.210/12/2025
  12. 12GPT-5.2 Pro10/12/2025
  13. 13GPT-6 Astra04/09/2026
  14. 14GPT-6 Astra Pro04/09/2026
  15. 15GPT-6 Luna22/09/2026
  16. 16GPT-6 Luna Pro22/09/2026
  17. 17GPT-6 Sol22/09/2026
  18. 18GPT-6 Sol Pro22/09/2026

Ordered by release date and worked out from the naming, so a new member slots in as soon as its page exists. A retired model keeps its page and its place in the line.

10 / notes

Our notes

What this model changes for a brand trying to be cited in AI answers, and every change we have logged since it launched.

What it changes for you

Models like GPT-4.1 Nano are often the ones doing the retrieval, filtering and summarising steps behind an AI answer, even when a larger model writes the final text. That means your content is frequently being judged first by a small, fast model skimming for relevance, so clear structure, plain claims and self-contained pages matter more than elegant prose. If a page needs careful reading to work out what your product does, it can be dropped before the bigger model ever sees it.

Where buyers meet this model

Buyers rarely meet GPT-4.1 Nano by name. They meet it through the OpenAI API, inside SaaS products that use it for background classification, search ranking, tagging and document processing, where it does its work without appearing in the interface.

Change log

Nothing published here yet. Changes appear within hours of a provider announcing them.

11 / questions

Questions

The things people ask about this model, answered from what is on this page rather than from anywhere else.

What is GPT-4.1 Nano used for?
High-volume, latency-sensitive tasks: classification, extraction, routing, tagging and first-pass summarisation. It is the component you run on every record rather than the model you reach for on hard problems.
How does GPT-4.1 Nano differ from the rest of the GPT-4.1 series?
It is the fastest and cheapest of the three, at a smaller size. It keeps the same very large context window, so the trade-off is depth of reasoning rather than how much you can feed it.
Can GPT-4.1 Nano handle images and documents?
Yes. It accepts text, images and file inputs, so it can work on scanned pages and uploads as well as plain text.
Is GPT-4.1 Nano the right model for long-form writing?
No. Its maximum output is modest relative to its input capacity, and it is tuned for speed rather than sustained reasoning, so longer or more careful writing belongs on a larger model.
Surge45°

Is GPT-4.1 Nano recommending you?

Models change what gets cited. We measure whether AI answers name your brand or your competitors across every assistant, and show you what to change.